Cone-Rod Dystrophy (CRD) is a group of inherited retinal diseases that affect the cone and rod photoreceptor cells of the retina, causing progressive vision loss.

Cone cells are responsible for detailed central vision, colour vision, and seeing in bright light, while rod cells support vision in low light and peripheral vision. In CRD, cone cells are usually affected first, followed by progressive involvement of rod cells.

People living with CRD may experience difficulties with central vision, colour perception, sensitivity to bright light, and night vision. The severity and progression of the condition can vary significantly depending on the underlying genetic cause.

Although there is currently no cure for most forms of CRD, advances in genetic testing, retinal imaging, and emerging therapies are creating new opportunities for diagnosis, research, and treatment.

Retina International works with people affected by CRD, patient organisations, researchers, clinicians, and partners worldwide to advance understanding of inherited retinal diseases and support progress towards better outcomes.

Cone-Rod Dystrophy is a group of inherited retinal diseases characterised by the progressive degeneration of cone and rod photoreceptor cells in the retina.

The retina contains specialised cells that detect light and send visual information to the brain:

• Cone cells support sharp central vision, colour vision, and vision in bright conditions.
• Rod cells support peripheral vision and vision in low-light environments.

In CRD, cone cells are generally affected earlier and more severely than rod cells. As the disease progresses, rod cell function may also decline, leading to broader visual impairment.

CRD can occur as an isolated retinal condition or as part of a broader genetic syndrome. The age of onset, symptoms, and rate of progression vary widely between individuals.

Some people notice symptoms during childhood, while others may not experience significant vision changes until adulthood.

CRD can affect many aspects of daily life, including education, employment, mobility, and independence.

People living with CRD may benefit from:

• Early access to low vision services
• Assistive technologies
• Accessible learning and workplace environments
• Mobility training
• Peer support
• Patient organisations

Because CRD can progress differently between individuals, personalised support and regular monitoring are important.

The experiences of people living with CRD help shape research priorities, healthcare approaches, and advocacy efforts.